Journalists must research their stories. Writers of fiction are allowed to add, invent and construct their own worlds. In his essay, Roy Peter Clarke lists a range of ethical demands on the narrative journalist. You cannot add anything to your story which was not present in reality.
This is because only the truth should be told in journalism. He adds that you cannot write different scenes into one, and you are not allowed to merge a number of real characters into one.
You must respect the timing of real events. This is in line with the 5ws of journalism of who, what, where, why, when and how. All these must come out distinctly because journalism is fact and not fiction. In fiction, a character or a thing can be an archetype. There can only be one scene of an incident and hence cannot be written into one.
He says that finally there is the ethical demand which is perhaps the most important even if it sounds mainly as a kind of request: you must strive to provide as honest and correct an account of the reality of the reality you describe as possible. Literary texts can be interpreted in a number of different ways. Some of his readers were very outraged at the idea of infanticide and cannibalism.
Literature as a body consists of three main components literary history : 1 A body of knowledge 2 A system of investigation 3 A collection of skills and techniques. It also consists of four main aspects 1 Creativity 2 Practical criticism 3 Literary history 4 Literary theory. There are different theories used to interpret literature.
These components and theories are used by literary analysts to interpret literary texts. In journalism, the text does not necessarily require such effort in interpretation. A message in journalism quite often appears in the first paragraph of the text where the journalist makes the logical conclusion.
The message is direct with no room for interpretation. Literature and journalism have different ideas about their readers about their readers and what you can demand from them. Journalism presents readers with a complete package they can immediately relate to. This does not require any knowledge of literary criticism and theory to understand that drunken jealous men can easily murder their wives.
Literature readers, on the other hand, have to interpret and analyse the text to find what it means for them. This is sometimes a next to impossible task as some literary texts abound in symbolism and very abstract ideas that are too difficult to decipher. In journalism it is unacceptable to present readers with such a dilemma as readers have a right to demand a clear message. Relevance of the text is another area of difference in literature and journalism as there are different criteria used to determine relevance in the two genres.
We read literature to experience other worlds, lives and people. The relevance of that text comes in when we examine it we find that the murder of Pope really concerned the people at that particular time in history and even to date.
We read literature to experience other worlds, lives, and people. We mirror our own lives in those of the characters we meet in literature. Plato said that literature is a moral force and so the characters in literature with which we compare our own experiences help in building our character since as we compare our own experiences to theirs we gain greater insights into our own lives through what we call experience by. We love the character who is our hero and when that character suffers, we suffer with him and when he triumphs over evil, we celebrate his victory.
Every character or happening helps us learn about our own lives. The text is true when it is true and meaningful to us. Truth and relevance are decided in the meeting between the reader and the text In journalism, we do not read texts in order to mirror our lives with those we read about. The characters do not necessarily help us learn about our own lives. Sometimes there are no main character with which we identify with. Truth is a condition of journalism and the article must be relevant.
Its relevance is seen when it teaches the readers something new and important about the world they live in. Arthur Krystal speaks to the critical role that essayist William Hazlitt played in refining the genre: "A hundred and fifty years before the New Journalists of the s rubbed our noses in their egos, [William] Hazlitt put himself into his work with a candor that would have been unthinkable a few generations earlier. Robert Boynton clarifies the relationship between literary journalism and new journalism, two terms that were once separate but are now often used interchangeably.
Although it was historically unrelated to [Joseph] Pulitzer's New Journalism, the genre of writing that Lincoln Steffens called 'literary journalism' shared many of its goals. Boynton goes on to compare literary journalism with editorial policy.
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Richard Nordquist. English and Rhetoric Professor. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. Updated April 08, Featured Video. But literature? So I was a little surprised while reading Jon Winokur's Writers on Writing , a collection of quotations from writers, to find several entries comparing or contrasting journalism with literature.
Here they are: Journalism is literature in a hurry. Magazines, which have more forgiving deadlines than newspapers, usually offer a better quality of writing.
I am often impressed with the writing in Sports Illustrated, a weekly magazine. Is it literature? I couldn't say, but it certainly is good journalism. The work of Victorian writers like Charles Dickens becomes more impressive when you consider that they were under deadlines to produce so many chapters of their novels each month or each week because they appeared in periodicals before they were published as books.
These people were, in effect, journalists who produced literature on a regular basis. The difference between journalism and literature is that journalism is unreadable and literature is not read. Few people do read great literature, especially when it is not required reading in classrooms. Of course, in today's world, few people read journalism either.
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