The early s were devoted to settling the territory and building homes. In , the Saints began building the Salt Lake Temple. Young established the Perpetual Emigration Fund , which provided funds to immigrating Latter-day Saints, who then repaid what they could once they established themselves.
The money was then loaned to the next pioneer. The Saints established colonies for harvesting everything from cotton to ore to fruit. In , Mormon leaders grew concerned about laxity in religious matters among the Saints and started the Mormon Reformation, stressing re-baptism and hence recommitment to the Gospel.
They also created the system of Home Teaching , where members look out for one another. At the same time, federally appointed judges and officials, who often insulted and harassed the members of the Church, were ejected from the state.
They returned to Washington to report that the territory was in rebellion against the United States. As no railroad or telegraph existed, the only news came through travelers or couriers.
President Buchanan, believing the reports, cut off all mail supply to Utah, removed Young from the governorship but did not inform him , and sent an army of 5, men to quell the supposed rebellion.
The Utah War , as it came to be known, was not much of a war. No battles were fought. In July , members of the Church returning from the east reported an army was coming. Brigham Young, fearing that this was another attempt to oust the Saints as had been done in Missouri and Illinois, refused to leave this time.
Determined to avoid bloodshed, the militias were only permitted to harass and delay the army. This they did by burning grass and scattering horses. The tactics worked. The army could not enter until early , by which time cooler heads on both sides prevailed. Brigham Young stepped down as governor, to be replaced by Alfred Cummings, and the army settled west of Salt Lake at Camp Floyd, where they remained until the Civil War. The only tragic incident in the Utah War was the so-called Mountain Meadows massacre [1] in September of In the midst of the renewed zeal of the Reformation and the heightened tensions caused by the invading army, Latter-day Saint settlers and Piute Indians in southern Utah attacked and massacred a traveling company of settlers from Arkansas and Missouri.
After the massacre, Latter-day Saints, fearful that others would attack them, stayed silent for many years. Ultimately one of the perpetrators, John D. Lee, [2] was executed for his involvement.
Brigham Young did not let the tragic events of keep him from moving forward with the work of establishing Utah and building up the Church of Jesus Christ. In , Young helped establish the transcontinental telegraph. He contracted with the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads to have Latter-day Saints help finish the transcontinental railroad, and later he oversaw the construction of spur lines throughout Utah and Idaho.
They also established cooperative stores to facilitate exchanging the goods. Young loved education. The Church of Jesus Christ under his direction established schools for every grade level including three colleges.
In , the University of Deseret , later the University of Utah, was established as a co-education school. It was shut down in and all students, staff, and equipment were combined with Utah State University.
President Young also built temples. Though he never lived to see the Salt Lake Temple finished, he did oversee the dedication of the St. George Temple in Other temples in Manti and Logan , both in Utah, were begun.
Overall, the s and most of the s were much more peaceful. Colonization and immigration continued. Brigham Young refused to discuss the private details of his family life. He had in his lifetime 26 wives and 56 children by 16 of those wives. He took good care of his family and was not considered dictatorial or autocratic by them.
He even granted a couple of divorces to his wives. Beyond those 26, Brigham Young married other women, with whom he did not cohabit See Polygamy for a more detailed account of the various types of polygamous marriages. Young married these women to support them and their children financially, as there were many more female converts to the Church than male. Brigham Young and his brothers built several homes in Utah, including the famous Lion House. He also had homes in Logan and St.
George , where he stayed while visiting the Latter-day Saint congregations throughout the territory. In April of , Brigham Young oversaw the dedication of the St. George Temple.
He reintroduced the fullness of the temple ceremonies there. He returned to Salt Lake in poor health. From his office he continued to guide the Church with written statements.
That summer he worked to refine the organization of the Church and harmonize its many disparate organizations. He was interred on his property in Salt Lake City. They are so full of life. Do not be out of temper yourselves. Always sympathize with them and soothe them" "Discourse," Deseret News , 17 Oct.
On Women. We believe that women are useful, not only to sweep houses, wash dishes, make beds, and raise babies, but they should stand behind the counter, study law or physic [medicine], or become good book-keepers. In following these things they but answer the design of their creation" "Discourses," Deseret News , 28 July , Relations with Indians. On daily toil. Whoever wastes his life in idleness, either because he need not work in order to live, or because he will not live to work, will be a wretched creature, and at the close of a listless existence, will regret the loss of precious gifts and the neglect of great opportunities.
Our daily toil, however humble it may be, is our daily duty, and by doing it well we make it a part of our daily worship" Letter from Brigham Young to Willard Young, 11 Nov. Dean C. Jessee [], — Wise use of natural resources.
Brigham's determination. God has shown me that this is the spot to locate His people, and here is where they will prosper" quoted in Life of a Pioneer: Being the Autobiography of James S. Brown [], Accomplishments In his lifetime, Brigham Young supervised the trek of between 60, to 70, pioneers to the Salt Lake Valley; founded settlements; established a system of land distribution later ratified by Congress; served as the first territorial governor of Utah for two terms, as first superintendent of Indian Affairs of Utah Territory, and as Church President for 30 years.
Conversion Brigham was both a seeker for personal religious contentment and a pragmatist looking for what he understood to be the primitive church of the New Testament. Missionary Before leading the pioneers west, Brigham left home on 10 separate occasions as a missionary. David Roberts.
John G. The Mormons: Brigham Young. PBS: American Experience. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Mormons are a religious group that embrace concepts of Christianity as well as revelations made by their founder, Joseph Smith.
Christianity is the most widely practiced religion in the world, with more than 2 billion followers. The Christian faith centers on beliefs regarding the birth, life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. While it started with a small group of adherents, many historians regard In , L. The Inquisition was a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas. Beginning in the 12th century and continuing for hundreds of years, the Inquisition is infamous for the severity of its tortures and its The California missions began in the late 18th century as an effort to convert Native Americans to Catholicism and expand European territory.
There were 21 missions in all, lasting from until about The California missions began in the late 18th century as an effort The area developed into a popular pilgrimage site and commercial district, although it was abandoned following the move of The Bible is the holy scripture of the Christian religion, purporting to tell the history of the Earth from its earliest creation to the spread of Christianity in the first century A.
Both the Old Testament and the New Testament have undergone changes over the centuries,
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